Commentaries
On 12 September, the BRICS leaders adopted a 140-paragraph declaration by consensus. Until 2024, BRICS consisted of five countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. In 2024, Egypt, Ethiopia, […]
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European Policy Briefs
For the past several years, European debate about China in the Arctic has been caught between strategic concern and incomplete evidence. China calls itself a ‘Near-Arctic State’, operates polar research […]
China in the Arctic: Separating Risk from Rhetoric
Commentaries
Earlier this year, several European countries announced a deployment to Greenland. Belgium and the Netherlands were among them. The public debate surrounding the transatlantic saga became heated, with questions about […]