Tanks versus Banks: Russian Military versus EU Geoeconomic Power
War is an instrument of policy. Those who lose sight of the policy objectives, or keep shifting them, rarely do well in war. The European Union and its Member States […]
Security Policy Briefs
Publications
A European Defence Summit in May 2022: From Compass to Capabilities
By launching a war against Ukraine, right on the borders of the European Union, Russia has unleashed the strongest push to strengthen Europe’s defence since the end of the Cold […]
The Arctic, a new front for great power conflict?
Since 2014, public debate in Europe has focused almost exclusively on what Russia would do on its western flank and how it would manifest its vexation over NATO enlargement. On […]
A Brussels Declaration for an “Ever Closer Union”
What is valuable, is vulnerable. So it is for peace, democracy, and the ability to lead the good life. They are never permanently gained, but remain a permanent aspiration. Throughout […]
Putin Is Creating the Multipolar World He (Thought He) Wanted
Up until the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia’s and China’s worsening relations with the European Union and the United States meant that the world order was at risk of falling […]
Hybrid Warfare Is not Synonymous with Cyber: The Threat of Influence Operations
The recent cyber-attack on Ukraine’s governmental websites, widely attributed to Russia, has reinforced the widely held perception equating Hybrid Warfare with hostile cyber activities. This overlooks the broader and devastating […]