Sanctioning Russia through energy? Think twice
The EU–Russia strategic partnership is running out of gas. While Moscow is finalizing the annexation of Crimea – at the expense of Ukraine and international law – Europeans are responding […]
Publications
Differentiated economic and monetary integration: An experimental cocktail in search of a new recipe
The creation of the Economic and Monetary Union was experimental, from both an economic and an institutional point of view. The result was a form of European integration with a […]
A beginner’s guide to differentiated integration in the EU
Over the years, differentiation in the level of integration in the European Union has become a widely debated issue. While differentiated integration starts off as a simple concept, its many […]
A new ‘special relationship’ between Washington and Paris: undermining or underpinning the CSDP?
François Hollande’s recent state visit to Washington featured in-depth discussions on international security and on military cooperation in particular. Is this signalling the emergence of yet another ad hoc framework […]
What future for the eurozone? Combining discipline, solidarity and institutional reforms
This Policy Brief discusses the challenges that await policymakers in reforming the EMU. A balance between discipline and solidarity will have to be found, while institutional reforms should improve the […]
Twenty eight national elections for a Parliament in constant evolution
In the City, the citizen is king. At least theoretically. In the European City currently being built around twenty eight national democracies, the citizen will soon be called upon, in […]